How many syringe units is a MOTS-c dose?

It depends entirely on how much water you added, which is why a static chart cannot answer it. Enter your vial size and water volume in the calculator and it returns the unit mark. The reconstitution chart below covers the common vial and water combinations if you prefer to read it off a table.

How much bacteriostatic water should I add to a MOTS-c vial?

Enough that your dose lands in a readable part of the syringe. Because MOTS-c is dosed in milligrams, a concentrated mix can put a dose at only a few units, where a small misread is a large error. A more dilute mix spreads it across more units. Change the water volume in the calculator and watch the unit mark move.

What does the experience level input change?

It selects a different row in the engine dose table, which changes the opening dose, the standard dose, the upper dose and the ceiling. It is the same experience banding the protocol engine uses to set a dose envelope, not a cosmetic filter.

Does MOTS-c need to be cycled?

The engine catalog carries an on-period and an off-period for it, both shown on this page and used by the supplies plan. Cycling is not universal across peptides: GLP-1 receptor agonists are continuous-use, for instance. For MOTS-c the catalog specifies a cycle, so the page shows one.

Does body weight change the MOTS-c dose?

No. The engine catalog does not flag MOTS-c weight sensitive, and the dose calculator applies no generic weight scaling, so the tool does not move the target with weight. Some peptides do carry a per-kilogram factor and the tool applies it for those. Scaling everything by mass would be an invention.

Why do I see a different maximum quoted elsewhere?

Because two Klarovel data sources carry different ceilings for MOTS-c and the page shows both. The engine dose table permits an experienced user more than the older research row does, and the engine dose table is the one that binds in production: the dose guard reads its ceilings from there and falls back to the research row only when no dose row exists. The page names which figure binds rather than quietly publishing the lower one.

When is MOTS-c not appropriate?

The conditions table on this page lists every health condition the engine's contraindication matrix associates with this compound, with the engine's own stated reason and whether it blocks, cautions, monitors or reduces the dose. A public page cannot know your health data, so it lists what would change the answer instead of guessing.

Where do the numbers on this page come from?

The dose table, the ceilings and the frequency come from the Klarovel engine's own dose table, the same rows the protocol generator doses from. Route, timing, cycling and weight sensitivity come from the engine catalog. Nothing on this page is a number someone typed into an article, which is the failure mode most dosing pages share.

Is this calculator free?

Yes. No account, no paywall, no usage limit. The protocol engine behind it is a separate product, but the calculator is open.

Does Klarovel sell this peptide?

No. Klarovel is the protocol layer: a questionnaire, a deterministic rules engine and a generated protocol. Any product is fulfilled by partner suppliers, not by Klarovel.

Is this medical advice?

No. It is arithmetic over published dose data, presented as a reference. It is not a prescription and not a recommendation to use any compound. Discuss peptide use with a qualified clinician.

MOTS-c dosage calculator

A working calculator, not a chart with a calculator in its title. Enter your vial size, your water volume and your experience level, and get the syringe units to draw.

Below the calculator: a full reconstitution chart for a MOTS-c vial, the dose envelope per experience level, the cycle length, a supplies plan, the health conditions that change the answer, and the references. Every dose figure is read from the Klarovel engine's dose table, never typed into the page.

How many milligrams are in your MOTS-c vial?

How much bacteriostatic water are you adding?

Syringe size

Experience with injectable peptides

Selects the dose row the engine would use, which changes the target, the upper bound and the ceiling together.

Body weight

The engine catalog does not flag MOTS-c weight sensitive, and the dose calculator applies no generic weight scaling, so this does not change the target. Inventing a per-kilogram rule would be worse than leaving it alone.

Age 65 or over

Standard dose at the beginner level

200.0 units

10 mg

Concentration: 5 mg/ml
Injection volume: 2 ml
Doses per vial: 1

Frequency for this level: twice weekly. Timing: Before training. Route: subcutaneous.

This draw is 200.0 units, more than the 100-unit syringe holds. Use less bacteriostatic water for a more concentrated mix, or a larger syringe.

Phase by phase, at your mix

The three phases in the order the engine escalates a dose, with the unit mark for each at 10 mg in 2 ml. Change the experience level, weight or age above and the whole table recomputes.

Dose and syringe units per titration phase
Phase	Dose	Draw	Doses per vial
Phase 1, opening dose	5 mg	100.0 units	2
Phase 2, standard dose	10 mg	200.0 units	1
Phase 3, upper dose	10 mg	200.0 units	1
Ceiling, not exceeded	15 mg	300.0 units	0

Doses read from the beginner row of dose_protocols, the engine's dose table. Unit marks are arithmetic over your vial size and water volume.

MOTS-c dose envelope by experience level

Every level side by side, unmodified. This is the raw dose table, so the shape of the ramp is visible instead of collapsed into a single recommended number.

Dose envelope per experience level
Experience	Opening	Standard	Upper	Ceiling	Frequency
Never used peptides	2.5 mg	5 mg	5 mg	5 mg	once weekly
Researched, not used	5 mg	5 mg	7.5 mg	10 mg	once weekly
Beginner	5 mg	10 mg	10 mg	15 mg	twice weekly
Intermediate	10 mg	15 mg	15 mg	20 mg	2-3 times weekly
Experienced	10 mg	15 mg	20 mg	25 mg	2-3 times weekly

Every cell read verbatim from dose_protocols. Where a level repeats the same figure across columns, that is what the table holds: no ramp has been invented to fill the row.

MOTS-c reconstitution chart

Pre-calculated syringe units for every water volume against the dose figures this compound actually uses, at your selected vial size of 10 mg. A cell reading "n/a" means the draw exceeds a 100-unit syringe at that concentration.

Syringe units per water volume for each sourced dose figure
BAC water	Conc.	Opening5 mg	Standard10 mg	Upper10 mg	Ceiling15 mg
1 ml	10 mg/ml	50	100	100	n/a
1.5 ml	6.67 mg/ml	75	n/a	n/a	n/a
2 ml	5 mg/ml	100	n/a	n/a	n/a
2.5 ml	4 mg/ml	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
3 ml	3.33 mg/ml	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
4 ml	2.5 mg/ml	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
5 ml	2 mg/ml	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Column doses are the beginner row's opening, standard, upper and ceiling figures from dose_protocols. Unit marks are arithmetic.

Supplies for one cycle

One on-cycle runs 6 weeks followed by 4 weeks off, from the engine catalog. Multiplied out at the standard dose and your mix, that is what the cycle costs in consumables.

Bacteriostatic water bottle size

Supplies for one on-cycle
Cycle length	6 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Administrations per week	2
Total administrations	12
Vials of 10 mg	12
Insulin syringes	12
Bacteriostatic water	24 ml, 3 bottles of 10 ml

Cycle length, loading phase and taper from PEPTIDE_CATALOG. Administrations per week derived from the frequency string on the dose row. Counts are arithmetic.

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About MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear one. It was characterised as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis, and later work showed it translocates to the nucleus to influence nuclear gene expression under metabolic stress, which is unusual for a mitochondrially encoded peptide.

Most of the published work concerns insulin sensitivity, glucose handling, exercise capacity and skeletal muscle. The catalog administers it before training for that reason.

Because the dose sits in the milligram range rather than the microgram range, the arithmetic is easy to get wrong by a factor of a thousand. The calculator below works in the unit the engine dose table declares for MOTS-c and never re-picks a unit from the size of the number.

Administration and cycling

Administration and cycling reference
Route	subcutaneous
Timing	Before training
Catalog frequency	2-3x weekly
Cycle	6 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Taper before the off period	Not specified
Loading phase	None
Weight sensitive	No

Catalog note: Inject 5–10 mg subcutaneously 2–3 times per week, preferably before exercise. Mitochondria-derived peptide that improves metabolic function.

Every row above is read from PEPTIDE_CATALOG, the engine catalog, and the note is quoted verbatim rather than paraphrased.

Two ceilings, and which one binds

Klarovel holds two upper bounds for MOTS-c in two different places, and they do not agree. The engine dose table puts the highest ceiling at 25 mg across the experience levels. The older research row carries 10 mg.

The engine dose table is the one that binds. The dose guard that caps generated protocols reads its ceilings from that table and falls back to the research row only where no dose row exists, because a guard that fights the engine trims legitimately curated doses and trains everyone to ignore its warnings.

Both figures are printed here rather than one, so a reader who finds the lower number elsewhere can see that both exist and which one the software actually uses.

When this would not be recommended for you

A public page cannot know your health data, so it cannot tell you whether a compound is appropriate. What it can do is list the conditions the engine's contraindication matrix associates with this compound, and what the engine does about each. In a generated protocol these resolve automatically and the reason is shown alongside the exclusion.

The engine's contraindication matrix carries no rule that names this compound or its category. That is what the matrix holds, not a statement that nothing is worth discussing with a clinician. Age and kidney or liver impairment apply across the catalog regardless.

Questions

How many syringe units is a MOTS-c dose?: It depends entirely on how much water you added, which is why a static chart cannot answer it. Enter your vial size and water volume in the calculator and it returns the unit mark. The reconstitution chart below covers the common vial and water combinations if you prefer to read it off a table.
How much bacteriostatic water should I add to a MOTS-c vial?: Enough that your dose lands in a readable part of the syringe. Because MOTS-c is dosed in milligrams, a concentrated mix can put a dose at only a few units, where a small misread is a large error. A more dilute mix spreads it across more units. Change the water volume in the calculator and watch the unit mark move.
What does the experience level input change?: It selects a different row in the engine dose table, which changes the opening dose, the standard dose, the upper dose and the ceiling. It is the same experience banding the protocol engine uses to set a dose envelope, not a cosmetic filter.
Does MOTS-c need to be cycled?: The engine catalog carries an on-period and an off-period for it, both shown on this page and used by the supplies plan. Cycling is not universal across peptides: GLP-1 receptor agonists are continuous-use, for instance. For MOTS-c the catalog specifies a cycle, so the page shows one.
Does body weight change the MOTS-c dose?: No. The engine catalog does not flag MOTS-c weight sensitive, and the dose calculator applies no generic weight scaling, so the tool does not move the target with weight. Some peptides do carry a per-kilogram factor and the tool applies it for those. Scaling everything by mass would be an invention.
Why do I see a different maximum quoted elsewhere?: Because two Klarovel data sources carry different ceilings for MOTS-c and the page shows both. The engine dose table permits an experienced user more than the older research row does, and the engine dose table is the one that binds in production: the dose guard reads its ceilings from there and falls back to the research row only when no dose row exists. The page names which figure binds rather than quietly publishing the lower one.
When is MOTS-c not appropriate?: The conditions table on this page lists every health condition the engine's contraindication matrix associates with this compound, with the engine's own stated reason and whether it blocks, cautions, monitors or reduces the dose. A public page cannot know your health data, so it lists what would change the answer instead of guessing.
Where do the numbers on this page come from?: The dose table, the ceilings and the frequency come from the Klarovel engine's own dose table, the same rows the protocol generator doses from. Route, timing, cycling and weight sensitivity come from the engine catalog. Nothing on this page is a number someone typed into an article, which is the failure mode most dosing pages share.
Is this calculator free?: Yes. No account, no paywall, no usage limit. The protocol engine behind it is a separate product, but the calculator is open.
Does Klarovel sell this peptide?: No. Klarovel is the protocol layer: a questionnaire, a deterministic rules engine and a generated protocol. Any product is fulfilled by partner suppliers, not by Klarovel.
Is this medical advice?: No. It is arithmetic over published dose data, presented as a reference. It is not a prescription and not a recommendation to use any compound. Discuss peptide use with a qualified clinician.

Other peptide calculators

References

These papers cover MOTS-c mechanism, metabolic and exercise physiology, and the nuclear translocation that distinguishes it from other mitochondrial peptides.

The dose figures on this page are not sourced from these papers. They are read from the Klarovel engine's own dose table, which is cited inline wherever a number appears. These references cover mechanism, pharmacology and clinical context.

18 references, every identifier resolved against NCBI on 2026-07-30. Per peptide, a relevance-sorted esearch was run and every returned id was resolved through esummary. Any id esummary could not resolve was dropped, and any record carrying the 'Retracted Publication' pubtype was dropped. Titles, journals, years and first authors below are the values esummary returned, not authored text. One retracted record was dropped: PMID 37696839 (thymosin beta 4 query).

1.Lee C et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2015. PMID 25738459 PMC4350682
2.Kim KH et al. The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell Metab 2018. PMID 29983246 PMC6185997
3.Lee C et al. MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2016. PMID 27216708 PMC5116416
4.Zheng Y et al. MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023. PMID 36761202 PMC9905433
5.Kong BS et al. Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c, Diabetes, and Aging-Related Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2023. PMID 36824008 PMC10244198
6.Wan W et al. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging. J Transl Med 2023. PMID 36670507 PMC9854231
7.Gao Y et al. MOTS-c Functionally Prevents Metabolic Disorders. Metabolites 2023. PMID 36677050 PMC9866798
8.Mohtashami Z et al. MOTS-c, the Most Recent Mitochondrial Derived Peptide in Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022. PMID 36233287 PMC9570330
9.Benayoun BA et al. MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus. Bioessays 2019. PMID 31378979 PMC8224472
10.Woodhead JST et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptides and exercise. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021. PMID 34520826
11.Merry TL et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020. PMID 32776825 PMC7750512
12.Kumagai H et al. MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2. iScience 2024. PMID 39559755 PMC11570452
13.García-Benlloch S et al. MOTS-c promotes muscle differentiation in vitro. Peptides 2022. PMID 35842023
14.Lu H et al. Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Increases Adipose Thermogenic Activation to Promote Cold Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019. PMID 31109005 PMC6567243
15.Lu H et al. MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019. PMID 30725119
16.Yi X et al. Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism. Front Physiol 2023. PMID 37200834 PMC10185875
17.Pham T et al. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c restores mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic heart. Front Physiol 2025. PMID 40661667 PMC12257629
18.Mendias CL et al. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med 2026. PMID 41966639

Beyond the arithmetic

Your health data, your protocol.

A calculator converts a dose into syringe units. The Klarovel engine decides the dose: it reads your health data, resolves contraindications, sets the envelope by experience level, removes incompatible pairs and builds the cycling and monitoring schedule. Blood work is optional and sharpens the result. It is never required.